Gauze-base negative-pressure wound therapy for management of diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective randomized study

游朝慶
台南市立安南醫院 外科

   這兩天(3/4、5)是『台灣傷口照護學會』的成立大會暨學術研討會,這學會成立很快,從去年12月發起,短短3個月就成立了,並就已招募了近四百名會員,這郭耀仁教授發起的學會和國外類似的傷口學會比較像,有專注在慢性傷口上(可參考我之前發表過的台灣傷口市場漫談,只是不知之後會不會有壓瘡的專題),並招收各相關科醫師、營養師、護理師、造口師、社工師、物理治療師等,尤其是傷造口師,一直是各醫院打擊傷口的第一線主力,然而可惜的是,這次沒有關於『off-loading減壓』的主題,目前這學會也缺少物理治療師及職能治療師的加入,可能是健保沒給付,但這是一個長期以來在台灣一直被刻意忽略的重點。

  為共襄盛舉我也投了一張海報(謎之音:因為沒人找我去講),這次的主題在糖尿病足整合照護,故臨時整理出這一篇做了8年的研究成果(從署豐到南市醫,已於去年結案),這海報做得很趕,2/27(W一)通知,隔天228放假,W5就要拿到,還好醫院的圖書室有幫忙,順利趕出來。照往例,我還是將內容完全用中文寫出來,畢竟用外文寫沒人會看,但發表不就是希望給人看嘛。

DSC09689『台灣傷口照護學會』於高雄醫學大學

目的

   負壓傷口治療(NPWT)在治療糖尿病足部傷口(DFU)方面是一個很有用的武器,而在NPWT使用的填充材方面,KCI的黑色泡棉往往是第一選擇,然而慢慢有一些人開始嘗試使用紗布來填充傷口,此研究的目的是將紗布基礎NPWT治療DFU的療效做量化的評估,並與傳統的泡棉基礎NPWT做比較。

材料與方法:

   從2010/3到2016/2我們蒐集住院的DFU患者並以NPWT治療3個禮拜,患者若同時有PAOD但沒有被成功通過PTA者則被本研究排除,這些患者在研究前先根據亂數隨機分配為兩組,並簽妥告知同意書,在經過清創手術後實驗組的傷口被國際公認的抗菌紗布(Kendall Kerlix AMD gauze)所填塞,並用防水薄膜密封(3M Tegaderm film),再以接管連接到胸腔引流瓶,並接上壁式抽痰機(wall suction),施以標準的-125mmHg連續負壓,每個禮拜換藥兩次並評估傷口,持續治療3個禮拜。在對照組方面的,只是將抗菌紗布改成為KCI的黑色泡棉,其他完全一樣。在量化指標方面,我們使用『傷口面積縮小比率』 (percent wound area reduction, PWAR),分析方法,使用SPSS重複測量的線性混和模型分析(linear mixed model)。整個研究有經過醫院的IRB審核及追蹤。

結果:

   實驗組有14個傷口、對照組有14個。治療組治療前平均傷口面積為24.82cm2,治療後平均為14.92cm2,對照組治療前平均傷口面積為34.5cm2,治療後平均為21.65cm2,在3週的療程後,平均能將傷口面積縮少到原有的六成,此兩組間在療效方面無顯著的差異。

結論:

   在過去十幾年來,在DFU的治療及肢體保留方面,NPWT一直佔有重要的地位,且已有眾多實證,然而泡棉其中的一個重大缺點是難以剪裁,往往需花上一半時間在修剪泡棉以適合傷口的形狀,就這部分而言,紗布本身容易變化形狀,方便填塞,其實是適合使用在於不規則的傷口,就DFU而言,紗布是理想的泡棉替代者。

image

糖尿病足部傷口面積的縮小比率(mean ± SE) (gauze n=14,foam n=14)


image

KCI的泡棉

image

此抗菌紗布非台灣一般的紗布,為世界公認用來當作紗布系統NPWT的紗布,一片約需1元美金,台灣曾經進口

 

原文(原始投稿摘要)如下

Gauze-base negative-pressure wound therapy for management of diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective randomized study

Chao-Chin Yu

Department of Surgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan

Purpose:

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a useful therapy in the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Foam is presently the material of choice for the NPWT, but gauze-based therapy is finding an increasing use. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the clinical efficacy of gauze-base NPWT comparing with foam-base NPWT as a treatment of DFU.

Materials and Methods:

From 2010/3 to 2016/2, we enrolled in-patient persons with DFU treated with topical negative pressure for a period of 3 weeks. These patients were divided into two groups randomly. The letter of informed consent was signed by the patient or patient’s family. After debridement of the infective wound, the wound of experimental group was packed with Kendall Kerlix AMD gauze and then sealed with a 3M Tegaderm film. The system was connected to a 1-bottle water-seal chest drainage system and to standard wall suction at 125 mmHg negative pressure. The dressing was changed at 72- to 96-hour intervals (twice a week) for a period of 3 weeks. To the control group, the foam dressing from KCI was packed and sealed to the wound with a traditional continuous negative pressure of -125mmHg. We observed and recorded the ulcer area twice a week on each time of changing dressing in the following 3 weeks. The percent change of wound size reduction was used as a predictor of wound healing. The repeated measuring data were analyzed using linear mixed mode with SPSS statistical software. This clinical study was approved and monitored by Institutional Review Board of Show Chwan Memorial Hospital.

Results:

We collect 14 DFUs in experimental group and 14 DFUs in control group. The study show no differences in the percent wound size reduction between the two filler types.

Conclusion:

In diabetic foot management, NPWT has had a significant impact on limb salvage over the last decade, which is evident from existing literature. Gauze is alternate filler and is useful for irregular wounds because of its conformability and ease of application.

 

後記:

  這種研究,個案不好收,因為是使用wall suction,患者要被一個連到牆壁的管子所固定,且大多的糖尿病足傷口的患者不喜歡住院,需要住院的往往有嚴重感染,需反覆清創,或有血循的問題而不適合收案,故相同的研究是不可能再做下去了。然而現在雖有可攜式的負壓機器,患者可自由活動,但就是讓腳有傷口的患者可自由走動,沒有配合off-loading,傷口就是好不了了。所以從另一個觀點來說,隨著科技進步,讓人們方便,但這方便卻反而害了傷口。

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